It is politically divided into 12 independent countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela and the overseas department of French Guiana. it is generally understood that Latin America consists of the entire continent of South America, in addition to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean islands, whose inhabitants speak a Romance language. The peoples of this large area shared the experience of conquest and colonization by Spaniards and Portuguese from the end of the 15th to the 18th century, as well as the independence movements of Spain and Portugal in the early 19th century. This is an alphabetically ordered list of countries in Latin America.
See also Central America; North America; South America; West Indies (the Caribbean); Latin American art; Latin American architecture; Latin American dance; Latin American economic system; Latin American literature; Latin American music. South America contains 12 countries and 2 dependencies. Its total population exceeds 433 million. Brazil is the largest and most populous country in South America, while the British-controlled Malvinas Islands (Malvinas Islands) are the least populated and the smallest.
The vast majority of South American countries speak Spanish, although the official language of Brazil is Portuguese, French Guiana is French, Suriname is Dutch, Guyana is English and Malvinas Islands is also English. Here are some brief notes on countries and dependencies in South America. Like Bolivia, Paraguay is also a landlocked country. Its population is approximately 7 million, most of which is urban.
The largest city and capital of Paraguay is Asunción. The most common indigenous peoples in Paraguay are the Guaraní, although the majority of the country's population is of mixed descent. The Paraguayan economy is still very underdeveloped. Agriculture is the largest sector of the economy.
Paraguay is also rich in hydroelectric energy. Peru is located on the Pacific coast of South America, in the northern half of the continent. In general, the country consists of three geographical regions, including the Andes Mountains, the coast and the Amazon rainforest region. Peru has a population of more than 33 million inhabitants, most of whom live in cities.
The largest population center is the country's capital, Lima, where approximately 7.7 million people live. Spanish is the most widely spoken language in the country, however, two indigenous languages, Quechua and Aymara, also have many speakers. Quechua was the language of the pre-Columbian Inca civilization, whose heart was in Peru. Several Inca sites, such as Machu Picchu, are found in the country.
Uruguay is a small country in southeastern South America, on the Atlantic coast. It is located between Brazil, to the north, and Argentina, to the west. The country has a population of approximately 3.5 million. About a third of Uruguayans live in the country's capital, Montevideo.
The overwhelming majority of Uruguayans are of European descent. Uruguay's economy is heavily dependent on exports, of which beef is the most important. The British-controlled Malvinas Islands are located off the south coast of Argentina. In fact, Argentina claims the islands as its own, and in 1982, it invaded them, only to be expelled by British forces.
The islands consist of two main islands and several smaller ones. The population of the British dependency is approximately 3,500 inhabitants, making the Falklands the least populated territory in South America. Approximately two-thirds of the inhabitants of the Falkland Islands live in Stanley, the territory's capital. In addition to the Spanish and Portuguese spoken by the vast majority of South Americans, millions of people in South America also speak indigenous languages.
Despite the Spanish-American wars of independence and the Brazilian War of Independence, the new nations quickly began to suffer internal conflicts and wars with each other. The last international war fought on South American soil was the 1995 Cenepa War between Ecuador and Peru along their mutual border. Today, while most of Latin America still speaks Romance languages, the geographical term also includes some countries and territories in the Caribbean and South America where languages such as English and Dutch are spoken. In practice, Latin America covers the southern part of North America and almost all of South America, Central America and the Caribbean, for a total of 20 countries and 14 territories, most of which are Spanish-speaking (with the exception of Brazil, whose population speaks Brazilian Portuguese).
Also well known is the non-commercial folk genre movement Nueva Canción, which was founded in Argentina and Chile and quickly spread to the rest of Latin America. Brazil is the largest country in Latin America and is the third largest country in the Americas, behind only Canada and the United States. At the beginning of the 20th century, the three richest South American countries embarked on a very costly naval arms race that began after the introduction of a new type of warship, the battleship. So far, five South American nations have hosted the tournament, including the first edition in Uruguay (1930).
South American literature has received considerable recognition from critics and the public, especially with the Latin American Boom of the sixties and seventies, and the emergence of authors such as Mario Vargas Llosa, Gabriel García Márquez in novels and Jorge Luis Borges and Pablo Neruda in other genres. The last South American war in the 19th century was the Pacific War, with Bolivia and Peru on one side and Chile on the other. Under the treaty, all land west of the line (which is known to comprise most of South American soil) would belong to Spain, and all lands to the east, to Portugal. One of the first known South American civilizations was in Norte Chico, on Peru's central coast.
At the end of the 20th century, Spanish rock emerged from young hipsters influenced by British pop and American rock. While Latin American countries such as Chile and Argentina enjoy healthy economies and high human development, many other Latin American countries are still developing and have corresponding challenges to overcome. . .
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